The human em indicantment path to country is
responsive to mass pressures for land. This
path constitutes responsive democratization. This has
been the dominant compositors case of democratization in the
emergence of nascent democracies and in the global
oscillate of democratization of recent times. But there
are other types of democratization processes that do
not respond to mass pressures. These types can be
classifi ed as enlightened democratization, opportunist
democratization, and imposed democratization. In each
of these types, the power elites vested interest in
monopolizing power is overcome by reasons other
than mass pressures. In each of these types this leads
to socially detached rather than embedded democracy,
the latter of which can exactly consequence from mass
responsive democratization.
One of the reasons why power elites tycoon overcome
their natural resistance to democratize is
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remedy another and increasingly widespread case in
which elites give up democracy in the absence of mass
pressures is when they believe they can easily corrupt
elective standards in practice and when the pretence
of democracy is perceived as a useful means to open
the doors to the international community, especially
donor organizations. This case of opportunistic democratization
has become more likely since the Washington
consensus, as a result of which western credits have
been tied to conditions of good governance.
In the enlightened, imposed, and opportunistic
types of democratization, elites concede democracy
despite absent mass pressures to do so. Among these
three types, elites admire democratic freedoms effectively
only in the enlightened type notwithstanding this type is rare.
In the imposed and opportunistic types of democratization,
elites do not effectively respect democratic
freedoms. Responsive democratization is the only
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